Breaking the Cycle of Poverty in Cambodia: The Role of Trade-Based Education

Cambodia has made remarkable strides in reducing poverty over the past few decades. From 2009 to 2019, the national poverty rate fell by almost half, thanks to rapid economic growth and structural changes that increased labor earnings. However, the COVID-19 pandemic has reversed some of this progress, exposing the vulnerabilities of many Cambodian households. 

To address these challenges and promote sustainable development, trade-based education—particularly Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET)—has emerged as a crucial strategy. TVET equips individuals with practical skills tailored to the demands of the job market, thereby enhancing employability and fostering economic independence.

The Impact of TVET on Poverty Alleviation

Studies have demonstrated a significant negative relationship between TVET participation and poverty levels. By acquiring relevant skills, individuals can access better employment opportunities, leading to increased income and improved living standards. Moreover, the development of adult skills through TVET has been shown to partially mediate poverty reduction, underscoring the importance of continuous skill development in adulthood. 

Case Studies in Cambodia

Several organizations in Cambodia have successfully implemented trade-based education programs:

• Don Bosco Foundation of Cambodia (DBFC): Established in 1991, DBFC provides technical education to marginalized youth, preparing them for the job market and societal integration. The foundation operates technical schools and training centers across the country, offering courses in various trades.
  
  
• Artisans Angkor: Originating from an educational project in 1992, Artisans Angkor offers free vocational training in traditional Khmer craftsmanship to underprivileged young Cambodians. Trainees receive instruction in stone or wood carving, lacquering, or silver plating, preserving cultural heritage while promoting economic self-sufficiency.
  
  
• Passerelles Numériques (PN): Since 2005, PN has been providing disadvantaged youth with training in the IT sector. The organization operates in Cambodia, Vietnam, and the Philippines, with over 2,000 graduates. Notably, more than 96% of these graduates secure employment within two to three months after completing their training.
  
  

Challenges and Opportunities

Despite the proven benefits of TVET, challenges remain in aligning training programs with market needs and ensuring accessibility for all segments of society. Continuous collaboration between the government, private sector, and educational institutions is essential to adapt curricula to evolving economic demands. Moreover, expanding outreach to rural and marginalized communities will ensure that the benefits of trade-based education are equitably distributed.

Conclusion

Trade-based education serves as a powerful tool in Cambodia's efforts to break the cycle of poverty. By equipping individuals with practical skills and fostering economic independence, TVET not only enhances personal livelihoods but also contributes to the nation's sustainable development. Investing in and expanding such educational initiatives will be pivotal in building a resilient and prosperous Cambodia.

https://www.worldbank.org/en/results/2019/10/30/cambodia-reducing-poverty-and-sharing-prosperity

https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/cambodia/publication/cambodia-poverty-assessment-2022-toward-a-more-inclusive-and-resilient-cambodia

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/383958406_Impact_of_Technical_and_Vocational_Education_and_Training_on_Poverty_Alleviation_through_Skill_Acquisition_Evidence_from_Developing_Countries

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